Industrial and French Revolutions

The industrial revolution was a period during which innovations occurred resulting in numerous changes in the world. The lives of both the rich and the poor were impacted in different ways. The French revolution on the other hand was a significant historical event because of its radical nature.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial and French Revolutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both the industrial and French revolutions are related that they were agitations against certain things that people did not want. In both revolutions, some groups of people benefited while other groups lost. In addition, people from the middle classes were the greatest beneficiaries while peasants and the poor were the losers in the revolutions. This paper will focus on the losers and beneficiaries of the two revolutions. The bourgeoisie were the people who benefited most from the French Revolution. They were the only educate d group of people who were responsible for most of the actions during the revolution. The kings were only interested in preserving the old traditions without considering the capabilities of the peasants. People from the third estate had information about the suffering of the serfs due to the heavy taxes that they were forced to pay. In addition, they knew they had the ability of seizing the power held by the serfs because of their large numbers. Being in possession of more powers than any other group of people during the revolution, the bourgeoisie took control of France. They promised to end the plight of the suffering poor people by enabling them achieve high status. The other groups of people could not raise their voices against them since they were the majority. The elimination of taxes seemed a reprieve to the peasants but the bourgeoisie still remained powerful. They were able to form the National Assembly, new constitution and took general control over all the other groups. A s a result, they gained a lot of power and eliminated the taxes they were supposed to pay making them the greatest beneficiaries during the French revolution (Sherman and Salisbury 548). This first group of losers during the French Revolution was individuals who worked in the agriculture sector and other informal sectors. They were paid poor salaries forcing them to move into big cities in search of better lives. Women and children particularly suffered a lot due to changes occasioned by the revolution.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Women were also losers in the sense that they were expected to exhibit subservience to their husbands in all areas including inheritance and marriage contracts. Noble women were denied the chance to make decisions on disputes surrounding their property. They also did not have economic rights since they were seen as unproductive people. Apart from women and children, peasants were also losers during the revolution. Despite the fact that the economy was improving through industries, they remained neglected. The peasants worked hard but they could not afford their own land since they were under the control of seigneurs. In addition, they were expected to pay heavy taxes to the government. This made peasants losers during the French revolution (Sherman and Salisbury 554). The middle class which consisted of few members benefited the most during the industrial revolution. Some of the groups that emerged from the middle class included the industrial entrepreneurs and other groups of people who owned factories. These people earned huge profits during the revolution and became very rich. For example, bankers, shopkeepers and other professionals were able to make huge profits like the ones made by investors in commercial and industrial ventures. However, not all investments resulted in the anticipated profits since some of the loans were not repaid. Despite the few cases of loss that were recorded, the middle class generally benefited a lot from the revolution. Their increased wealth improved their political influence, prestige and also cultural power. A Scottish philosopher known as James Mill concurred that the most influential people during the French revolution came from the middle class. The middle class was characterized by modesty and decent clothing and with time, they displaced the system of aristocracy which adhered to strict traditions. The living conditions of the middle class people were also desirable since they lived in lower-floor apartments located in the most prestigious places in the town towns. Moreover, they had the ability to employ servants and had access to electricity (Sherman and Salisbury 560). Women were considered the greatest losers during the industrial revolution. There were strict marriage rules that constantly reminded women that they were supposed to take part in domestic affairs only. They were meant to understand that their main role was to take care of their husbands and their homes in general.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial and French Revolutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Women were also losers in the sense that during the industrial revolution, they were denied a chance to take part in politics. They were completely barred from participating in politics since their participation in politics would make them agitators of women rights. In addition, they were not given a chance to do any payable work outside their homes because this was considered inappropriate. Married women were only given a chance to participate in activities that were domestic oriented. This made women great losers during the industrial revolution (Sherman and Salisbury 571). Works Cited Sherman, Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World: From 1600. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.Print This essay on Industrial and French Revolutions was written and submitted by user Ernesto Zimmerman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

At the Height of His Career Why essays

At the Height of His Career Why essays Kurt Cobain was citied in the Seattle area with a shotgun. Days later on the fifth of April, Kurt Cobain went into the small room above his garage in his Seattle home and ended it all. Fans across the world were stunned by the news of Kurt Cobains sudden and shocking suicide. Kurt was the leader of the multiplatinum grunge band Nirvana, and was widely hailed as the John Lennon of his generation. He was a gifted song writer and erratic performer. However, Cobain's name was presented at times with disillusionment and unhappiness. Kurt had spoken, written lyrics, and even sung in his songs about suicide. Yet, one question could almost be echoed around the world Why? Cobain' s fans struggled with the huge loss of their poet of pain. It was as though they had lost a close friend. They felt that Kurt was an artist who could read their minds, knew their problems, and spoke their language. No one seemed to understand why at the height of his popularity a twenty-seven year old rock sat would put a twenty-two gauge shotgun in his mouth and pull the trigger. The media attacked the incident. Every type of media from MTV to the entire local Newspapers spoke something of Kurt Cobains suicide. Some blamed the suicide on his unhappy childhood and how he was a Ritalin child. While others blamed it on his drug addiction that he had spent all of his young life trying to relieve himself from. But why the reasoning for the unpredictable suicide, Cobain left behind millions of fans asking Why? Most people who commit suicide do so for personal reasons, such as despair, fears of the future, fears of failure or of not being loved. Society plays a huge part in a lot of suicides. As society becomes more complex a persons stress level rises ...

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

International Law - Essay Example Apart from monitoring cease-fires,, United Nations is also involved in multilevel peace keeping operations that are usually resolved through political dialogues, and reconciliation. Due to varying global conditions and nature of conflicts, the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) and the Department of Field Support (DFS) have embarked on an improvement task, that is to set up a Peace Operations 2010, which is targeted at improving and rebinding the various planning, management and conduct of United Nations peacekeeping operations1. The continuum of contemporary peace keeping operations has developed into a progressively wide-ranging activity and comprises both United Nations – led peace operations, as well as those conducted by other actors, generally with the approval of the Security Council. The Charter of the United Nations The UN charter was signed, in San Francisco, on 26 June 1945 and is the groundwork document for all the activities and work under taken by the United Nations. The organization was set up â€Å"save succeeding generations from the scourge of war†. The main purpose behind the establishment of the United Nations is to secure global concord and safety. ... In fulfilling this responsibility, the Security Council may adopt an array of processes, including the formation of a United Nations peacekeeping operation2. Human Rights International human rights law is a vital portion of the normative agenda for United Nations negotiation procedures. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which arrays the keystone of international human rights principles, underlines that human rights and vital freedoms are common and assured to everyone. United Nations peacekeeping procedures must be directed in complete respect of human rights and ought to pursue advance human rights through the execution of their mandates. United Nations peacekeeping employees – whether military, police or citizen – must achieve in arrangement with global human rights rule and comprehend how the implementation of their tasks intersects with human rights. Peacekeeping workers would endeavor to confirm that they do not develop perpetrators of human rights misuses . They need to be capable to identify social rights violations or misuse, and be ready to reply suitably within the confines of their mandate and their proficiency. 3United Nations peacekeeping staffs ought to respect human rights in their relations with associates and with native people, both in their public and in their private lives. Where they commit cruelties, they should be held responsible. International Humanitarian Law International humanitarian law also called as â€Å"the law of war† or â€Å"the law of armed conflict,† limits the methods and approaches of armed encounter. Global humanitarian law is enclosed in the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and two Additional Protocols of 1977, as well as in instructions regulating the means

Marketing story analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing story analysis - Essay Example The story under analysis is â€Å"When marketers capture the moment† by David Benady. It was posted in the Guardian on 13th November 203. This piece explains the impact of real time marketing. The author argues that consumers today are more demanding from advertisers. They require witty but relevant messages, which must be delivered in real time. Companies like BMW, biscuit maker, Oreo and Betfair have used this strategy to capture new markets. These businesses have revolutionised consumer reach through social media. Nonetheless, one must invest considerable resources to achieve any clout. Literature review Consumer behaviour The consumer decision model is quite useful in explaining consumer behaviour. Blackwell (2001) explains that consumers often engage in a seven-step decision process. First, they recognize their needs, search for information, evaluate alternatives, buy, reflect upon their purchase and divest. Sometimes stimuli could alter this process. The stimuli may be internal or external. International influences include the knowledge, resources, personality or attitudes of the buyer. External influences involve social class, family, culture or certain situations. In this regard, consumers are active thinkers and planners. Erasmus (2001) disagrees with the above writers by stating that consumer behaviour is not always rational. Sometimes individuals may behave in a non conscious manner. Consumer behaviour is sometimes opportunistic and even disorderly. Using rational approaches may discount the relevance of emotions and other dynamics. 7 Ps The 7Ps marketing mix is a conceptual framework in which key decision makers configure their offerings in order to mach customer needs (Andersson, 1992). Palmer (2004) explains that the tools are useful in short term tactics as well as long term strategies (Chaffey et. al., 2000). Moller (2006) likens the elements of the marketing mix to ingredients of a cake. Their proportions can be changed in order to prepare the perfect cake (Patterson and Ward, 2000). The marketing manager must attempt to trade off benefits of one concept with gains from the other (Peattie, 1997). A company’s marketing philosophy comes from its allocation of resources within the 7Ps (Egan, 2001). This approach separates marketing from the rest of the organisation and allows for delegation of marketing duties to specialities (Ingram et. al., 2007). Some authors disagree with the above sentiments by explaining that not all parts of the 7Ps need to be given equal attention; certain aspects are more cri tical than others (Stratten, 2010). Furthermore, most companies regard product as a distinct component (Jobber, 2010). However, some companies sell a series of products, each of which is connected to the other in the mind of the consumer (Pride and Ferrell, 2010). When implementing the marketing mix, one may consider marketing as culture, as a strategy, or as a tactic (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). Communications mix The 4Cs are a fundamental framework used to explain how companies select marketing communications. Scholars posit that this could be done on the basis of control, costs, credibility and communications (Gilliland and Johnston, 1997). If an organization feels that it needs to control message delivery, then it may opt for personal communication mixes (Balmer and Gray, 2003). The financial resources that a company has may affect its ability to exert leverage over the third party that is transmitting the message (Mohr and Nevin, 1990). Credibility in communications is often ascert ained through a third party that seems objective in order to distract consumers away from the actual intention of selling (Houston and Gassenheimer, 1987; Houston and Gassenheimer, 1987). Finally, the geographic dispersion of the target audience will determine how effectively the message reaches its audience (Stern and El-Ansary, 1995). Analysis In the case under analysis, the author feels that consumers in social media have raised their expectations concerning consumer brands

Academic success at the graduate level Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic success at the graduate level - Essay Example It is a requirement that a student must know how to write an academic paper that is different from other forms of writing. Academic writing is formal, precise and based on facts (uefap.com, nd). Unlike in other forms of writing such as novels, poems and narratives, academic writing follows certain rules in structure and its ideas are expressed based on facts and verifiable information rather on opinion or feelings. Its purpose is also different from other forms of writing. Academic writing intends to educate, elucidate and persuade rather than to entertain or to express emotion. There should also be a central issue, idea or argument that it is trying to resolve where arguments are focused, without digression, it supporting or debunking such central idea. Academic writing also maintains its scholarship in writing that is fitting for an academic environment and does not welcome colloquialism in its language. This can be achieved by constant practice whereby a student will get used to t he discipline of academic writing. It would also help if there is a teacher who would coach the student to further improve his or her academic writing by pointing out areas of improvement and dispensing guides and tips on how to rectify and improve them. Academic success also requires a proper consideration of effective written communication. This is critical in graduate school because unlike college, graduate studies involve a lot of research and academic writing. A student is graded most of the time by the quality of the paper he or she submits than quizzes and this makes it imperative for the student to internalize effective written communication. This means that students must consider the approach, development, clarity, style and correctness of his or her academic writing to succeed at the academe at a graduate level. Approach meant that the timing and appropriateness of the â€Å"choice of medium, tone

An Overview On World Food Programme English Language Essay

An Overview On World Food Programme English Language Essay One of the most important issues in the world is food crisis which a large number of people are suffering from it. While there are about 1.6 billion of people overweight and 500 million are obese, there are billion people in the world who suffering from hunger (More Food May Not Mean Less Hunger ,2009).there are several reasons for food crisis these days such as ; increase in the population , climate change ,increase prices and natural disaster ( drought , flood and climate change ) .there are responses which have taken to solve these problems many responses which taken such as ; financial aid ,GM food and food aid this essay will discuss how successful is food aid .first, it will present general information about food aid .then , it will show some statistics about food aid . finally, it will discuss the food aid in Bangladesh and Ethiopia . Food aid is a generic term which encompasses a range of instruments and interventions (Christopher. Barrett Daniel Maxwell, 2005)6.As what World Food Programme said ; the aim from Food aid is to give poorest people food which helps them to live (2009) 2 and to fix food problems such as food insecurity and malnutrition around the world during the crisis period and 5 . Shah stats thatThere are three kind of receiving food aid, First is by which is project food aid which gives food aid as result of specific project3 .Second type is relief food aid which is occur in war or other emergency situations 3.the last type is comes from government to government3 (2007).food aid has three ways to be given to people multilateral aid4orand Non Government Organization aid4 , it can be called bilateral aid4(OPPapers ,2008) According to what is written in Global Policy Forum Food aid Global policy said food aid comes countries and charities such as WFP which means World Food Programme 1which work to help 88 million people 1.in addition, World Food Programme receive the donations as money -if that possible or as food1. More than half of global food aid is given by united stats and the other half comes from Canada and Japan1. In 1960s the donations of food aids was five million tonnes and this number increased to 7.4 million tonnes in 2004 1. Most of the countries choose the country which wants it to receive the food aid rather than to be chosen by the World Food Programme1 (2005). There are many developing countries receive food aid ,one of these countries are Bangladesh and Ethiopia .Bangladesh improved the producing food since it started to depend on its self in 19717 (Akhter Shahidur,2006).the rice and wheat which are the main Bangladesh product, their prices increased by 84 percent at that time. 7 (Akhter Shahidur,2006). Coutts argue that Unfortunately, it cannot continue its achievements because of many reasons such as drought while the Bangladesh food product depends on water to grow up and in the other periods there was floodwaters which make Bangladesh lose most of its products8(Coutts, 2004). Moreover, there is increase in food prices and some kinds of food increased by more than 20% in the rice price and the vegetables selling prices increase, too (Coutts, 2004). 8and that number keep growing up until it became 50 % in 200811.As a result of that the number of employee is decrease and many people are suffering from malnutrition8(Coutts, 2004).the hung er project states that it has high number of people living there and the number of population is increased and it consider as the second high population in the world with 150 million people live there 13. In addition ,for about every fifty years the number of rats in Bangladesh increased sharply and that effect the agriculture area which leads it to decease because the crops are damaged by rats which ate 90% of harvest that leads about 130,000 people to suffering from food shortage .all of reasons above cause lack of food in Bangladesh and food insecurity 10and number of people who live under the poor line is about half of its population 13.(n.d) Dhulme Points out that For the above problem it spouse to have some solutions to solve them and that what is happened in Bangladesh12. In the begging the Bangladesh government do not do anything to stop these problems from expanding 12 .until the problems became serious and it need to be solve very fast because it effect people lives there .for that the Bangladesh government take a decision to import food but that was too late because the food pieces increased 12(2008). To solve rate crisis there people invoked to eat rats and this solution is failed to reduce the problem with them10 .Food aid comes to Bangladesh from to programmes for food aid which are UNICEF and the UN World Food Programme (WFP) 10.the Wold Food Programme gives the basic food to the 25,680 poorest families there while UNICEF take care about children nutrition and gives them the healthy food which protect them from diseases10 .Also , UNICEF Provide food sprinkles to 11,794 children and , 6,003 girls , ,201 pregnant women and 1,028 lactating mothers10.( Seymour,2008) Philippines point that these solutions seems to be successful to solve most of problems in Bangladesh ,as what the statistics said the people becomes heather and the average age for male and female increased in the last thirty years ,in 1997 the women average age was about 58.1 years and for men it was 58.2 years and these number increased in 2001 to 60.9 years for women and 60.1 for men. in generally, the poverty declined in Bangladesh14 .Also, the people who live below the poverty line decrease from 55% in1985 to 44% in 1999.the number of employment in the ready mad garment sector has increased from 582,000 employee between 1991 and 1992 to 1,500,000 employee between 1997 and 199814(2004).according to world food programme , Chakma said The rice and biscuits are very helpful during this lean time(2009). The other country which receive food aid is Ethiopia .Ethiopia is located in Africa it is considered as a poor country .according to Greste in BBC News Ethiopia in the last thirty years is getting the most of aid more than any other country in Africa (2006)15.Although it has fertile land which is able to produce food , there is a famine and the number of hungry people is going up .the food crisis in Ethiopia has happened as a result of high population who need to eat food since 1985 the number of population is doubled to about 80 million 16 (Hampson, 2008).also, there are rain problems there for example there was no rain in 2003 and the dought period length was 18 month16(Hampson, 2008).in some places there is not enough rain for that reason the prices of food are increasing .in adition, the food prices increase until the inflation is more than 75%16(Hampson, 2008) World food programme pointed that the price for cereal in Ethiopia increase by more than 100 %17(n.d).the reasons above leads to food shortage which make many people malnourished. Moreover, animals are affected and dying .in that situation people used to eat false bananas To put an end to that problems Save The Children UK are try to save the children by doing some solutions it gives help to must of poor people .The World Food Programme is helping 11 million poor people in Ethiopia and it the emergency food ration is reduced by one third(World Food Programme ,(n.d) 17. Getachew point out that UNICEF with helping from the European Commissions Office for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) gives food to Ethiopian. ECHO gave 3.3 million euros by this number of money 70,000 got food in 2008 18(2009). Moreover, accourding to Thomas and LaVerle it take help form other charities such as International Development (AID), The World Health Organization (WHO) U.S. .For above responses which taken to help Ethiopia there are many things change there ; even though ,the medical facilities increased slowly19. 80 % of people there who have not access to technique and the number of people who have AIDS increased from 2 in 1986 to 355 in 199019(1991). 11% of people die by tuberculosis and 60 % of death caused by preventable ( Health and welfare , n.d) In general , the food aid is help the two has different result .in Bangladesh the average age for both men and women slightly increased ,the number of poor people decreased and the number of employee increased . in Ethiopia , medical facilities slowly increased m the farms a bit increase on other hand the number of people who do not have clean and safety water in considerably high .To sum up in both two countries food aid is not successful and it does not solve all the problems but in Bangladesh it solve some of problems even more than it in Ethiopia . In conclusion, this essay has focused on how it food aid is successful as a response for food crisis and point out that there are a large number of people who depend on food aid as a main factor .Also , it seems food aid is not solve all the problems in the countries and it do not get the same result in all countries , some of them it was successful and other not which depend on the countries its self and how it react with the food aid .Finally , financial aid is considerably better than food aid because it gives more choices to people to do with it ,they can buy anything by the money but they can only eat the food . References:- How Does Food Aid Works (September 16, 2005) http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/217/46186.html World Food Programme http://www.wfp.org/content/nutrition-and-food-aid-lessons-ethiopia Shah(December 03, 2007) Food aid http://www.globalissues.org/article/748/food-aid#Typesoffoodaid Food Aid Benefits Rich Countries As Much As It Does For Poor Countries http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Food-Aid-Benefits-Rich-Countries-Much/169357 Food aid in crises should also aim for longer-term self-reliance ,UN News Centre http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=14769Cr=foodCr1=aid Christopher. B. Barrett, Daniel G. Maxwell, Food Aid After Fifty Years: Recasting Its Role (London: Routledge, 2005), Chapter 1, page 4 Akhter Shahidur Manohar Sajjad (2003) : A Study On Food Aid Leakage In Bangladesh http://www.un.org.bd/pub/unpubs/WFPFood%20Aid%20Leakage,03.pdf Coutts,(2004) : After the floods : Bangladesh faces a food crisis http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/27/opinion/27iht-edcoutts_ed3_.html McHernry Bird (n.d) : Food Bunle In Bangladesh http://www.foreignpolicy.com/Ning/archive/archive/027/2.PDF Seymour,(2008 ) Rat flood triggers food crisis in Bangladesh http://southasia.oneworld.net/todaysheadlines/rat-flood-triggers-food-crisis-in-bangladesh Advisory: Food and Economic Crisis in Bangladesh (May 14 ,2008): Compassion http://www.compassion.com/sponsordonor/countrynews/bd/News/advisory-economic-crisis-in-bangladesh.htm Hulme ,(2008) Food Insecurity in Bangladesh: the OtherCrisis : End the World poverty http://povertyblog.wordpress.com/2007/11/22/food-insecurity-in-bangladesh-the-other-crisis/ Bangladesh (n.d)http://www.thp.org/where_we_work/south_asia/bangladesh/overview?gclid=CPbZkv-wvZ4CFaBb4wod2ElLmw Manila (2004) BANGLADES Gender, Poverty, and the Millennium Development Goals : the Asian Development Bank available at http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/Country-Gender-Assessments/cga-women-bangladesh.pdf Greste (2 February 2006) Ethiopias food aid addiction : BBC News http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4671690.stm Hampson, (2008) Ethiopias new famine: A ticking time bomb http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-08-17-ethiopia_N.htm World Food Programme (n.d) http://www.wfp.org/countries/ethiopia 18- Getachew(23 October 2009) Therapeutic food helps save childrens lives in southern Ethiopia http://www.unicef.org.uk/press/news_detail_full_story.asp?news_id=1402 19-Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, editors. Ethiopia: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991. http://countrystudies.us/ethiopia/75.htm More Food May Not Mean Less Hunger (2009) available at http://www.humanrights-geneva.info/More-Food-May-Not-Mean-Less-Hunger,6825 Kelly, A. ,(2008), The rains have come, the lan is but Ethiopians still go hungry ,The Guadian,1st August 2008

Destiny, Free Will and Choice - The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King E

The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King The concept of fate has existed since the time of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed very strongly in fate, which can be defined as either a power beyond human control that determines events, or the outcome or end. In "Oedipus Rex," King Oedipus lives and dies by fate. Fate influences the entire plot, thereby allowing for some interesting developments that may be unpredictable to the audience. In Sophocles' "Oedipus Rex", fate truly is a huge factor in many scenes and events.   According to ancient Greek belief, the word of God was fate, and fate was the word of God.   Therefore, every event that ever happened was predetermined and unchangeable.   Oedipus himself has been completely victimized by fate.   In the beginning of the play, he was "fated" to kill his father and marry his own mother and conceive children with her.   Since it was the word of Apollo, the god, to the Greeks it meant that it was unchangeable.   Oedipus escaped Corinth, the supposed city of his birth, and ran far away.   He happened upon an old man in the crossroads-a fated event.   Though he did not know it at the time, when he killed the man, it turned out to be his own father-a prophecy he was destined by fate to fulfill (Elsom, 85). "The heralds no sooner reported Laius dead than you appeared and they hailed you king of Thebes."   (Sophocles, 187).   Soon after he unwittingly killed his father, Oedipus happened upon a creature called the Sphinx, who posed a riddle for him.   Though none of the other great minds in the entire world could do this, Oedipus answered her riddle and destroyed her, freeing Thebes.   Thus he subsequently became king of Thebes.   What a fated chain of events! (Elsom, 86). Oedipus was ... ...s the word of God himself, many ironic events occurred due to the twists of fate.   Sophocles masterfully weaves pieces of a legend together to create a dramatic tale of fate and irony called "Oedipus Rex". Works Cited and Consulted: Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Elsom, John.   "Fate and the Imperial Dream."   World & I.   February 2000.   82-90. Ehrenberg, Victor. "Fate and Sophoclean Rulers." In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. O'Brien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Sophocles. The Three Theban Plays: Antigone, Oedipus the King, Oedipus at Colonus. Trans. Robert Fagles. NY: Penguin, 1984. Yaeger, Werner. "Sophocles' Master of Fate." In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1997.

Globalization of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Essay

Globalization of both the economy and the society has confronted the world over the past decade. A shift of focus and interest from the local market to the international setting has demanded innovation not just in corporate leadership as new information; forms of communication and technology are being offered to be utilized in encouraging and reinforcing interaction among individuals. Fewer trade barriers and unprecedented technological advances have accelerated the pace of globalization. The advances in communication technology make it easier to enter the international market through the efficient marketing and advertising strategies that a number of international business organizations invest in by utilizing the services provided by the Worldwide Web. Electronic data communication (EDC) facilitates the exchange of data at tremendous speeds; it sorts and integrates data with other information available to the recipients (businesses, banks, capital markets) from other sources. Individual countries and trading and currency blocs alike view the fast-moving e-business sector as having a direct impact on the countries’ and blocs’ competitiveness in the global market. Increased market competition identifies continuous adjustment and improvement in the production lines of countries to recognize the participation of smaller business units. The free flow of goods and services, the establishment of functioning trade blocs like the European Union, more favorable regulations for foreign direct investment, and e-commerce are now major features of the global market. The introduction of the new division of international labor calls for evaluation and reorganization of the business operations as well as a reassessment of the current technological practices. The Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries Industry in FRANCE Royle and Towers (2002) note that the Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries industry has now extended throughout the world, expanding in FRANCE and other European countries, bakeshops are often considered as a characteristic of the new global culture. These bakeshops are illustrated as informal, have uniform service to anyone regardless of social status and focuses on giving quick-service to its customers. The industry grew out of a cultural philosophy that greatly values friendliness more than propriety, basically more than traditions of gracious living and democratic consensus over status-based divisions. Firms within the Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries industry fall into the category of a competitive market structure. According to Lipset (1991), the competitiveness of a market refers to the extent to which individual firms have the control or power to influence market prices or the terms on which their products are sold. It must be noted that â€Å"the less power an individual firm has to influence the market in which it sells its products, the more competitive the market is† (Lipset, 1991). In the recent years, the integration of strategic planning and functional marketing has been perhaps the most relevant development in the field of marketing management as marketing managers have all the more realized that tactical marketing decisions must be made within a wider strategic framework. Marketing Mix (4Ps) Product – Products that Cakes and Cookies are offering can be improved and expanded. For example they can add more cakes that suit the taste and needs of their consumers in FRANCE. Cakes and Cookies should not limit their products according to the old time customers in the U. S. Placement – Decisions involving the place/distribution are also crucial in meeting the needs of the target market. There are many factors to consider such as the choice of location where the product will be sold to the consumers, and the various channel distribution required to bring the product in the target market. Elements of distribution channel include the packaging, storage facilities, transportation, and the members of the channel itself. Cakes and Cookies should make their customized packages and boxes for their Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries and this should be appropriate according to the taste of the FRANCE consumers. It is always relevant to choose a channel pattern that is suitable for the target market needs. Price Among other factors considered in pricing are the needs of the market, the costs involved, the effect on margins and the value offered at a minimum for the consumer without the price cut hitting the company image. It is not surprising therefore, that Cakes and Cookies entry price strategy became a model in starting business in the area. Finally, it is interesting to note that in FRANCE have consistently agreed with Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries pricing strategy for many years. This shows that consumers give their loyalty as long as the price is right and fair. Promotions – Today, personal selling, sales promotions, in the forms of souvenirs, and point-of-purchase displays (POP), publicity through non-paid presentation of the product to the target market (feature articles and special news coverage), and public relations (established link with the stakeholders) were utilized by Cakes and Cookies Similarly, TV and radio advertising are important channels to promote Cakes and Cookies Usually, effective television and radio advertising involves a good opening punch line, presentation of the competitor’s product (brand must not be mentioned) and its weakness, testimony of experts or renowned personalities/authorities, and in some cases, use of famous movie actors and actress also helps. Further, the existence of Internet and the continued revolution in the world of Information Technology are certainly positive signs for the blossoming of many new advertising opportunities. For instance, pop-up ads and email ads have started to inva de the Internet. Most advertising firms have also started to exert efforts to make their advertisements appealing to the public (Chow and Holden, 1997). Segment, Target and Positioning of the Product Of all the components of a marketing plan, perhaps the most overlooked but most critical element is the definition of the target market. According to Lovelock and Young (2000), it is a homogenous group of people or organizations that a company wishes to appeal to. There are two basic targets for a product or service: the user and the non-user segments. Thus, there are also two business and marketing decisions that the company must decide upon in light of the basic targets. The first is to cultivate the present market alone while the second is to go after non-users. The former can inspire consumer loyalty which is an important factor in the survival of any business. In the case of Cakes and Cookies, they should categorize their target market into two market segments: (1) the Cakes and Cookies patrons or those who have already tried the product, and (2) the Cakes and Cookies non-consumers. The Cakes and Cookies consumers further classified into (a) males and (b) females in order to differentiate the market appeal and competitiveness of the offered products in terms of sex as well as the specific consumers for specific types of Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries. in order to determine the competitiveness of each product per se. the Cakes and Cookies non- consumers, on the other hand, are further grouped into (a) those who do not eat Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries in general, and (b) those who eat other Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries. These market segmentation schemes according to product use will provide important information regarding the overall competitiveness of Cakes and Cookies products as well as viability and opportunities for encouraging sweeteners non-users to not just try any other average sweeteners but to choose Cakes and Cookies products among others. Moreover, companies now face the challenge of making its target consumers respond accordingly to their marketing efforts and those who understand its consumers’ responses will have a great competitive advantage (Kotler & Armstrong, 2001). In this light, Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries should keep in mind the differences that are distinct between and among other bakeshops target market based on different cultural backgrounds which significantly affect the effectiveness of the campaign. The fact is, there may be ideas that will not be applicable across the diverse target market population. Studies on the relationship of consumer behavior and their personal values and cultural orientation as well as their beliefs on certain principles, the dispositions they hold and side they take on political, gender and social problems and issues will be likewise duly accounted. Positioning The changing world has then placed much emphasis on the importance of communication for effective marketing. All types of communication are involved in marketing communications, including literature, training, advertising, mail, telephone, product promotions and other contact relevant to marketing communication. Among the channel members, even follow-up on complaints as well as customer billing may be included within the communication loop. In order to effectively serve the marketing channel, correct timing and accuracy in communications is essential. Moreover, it is important for the company to recognize that all members of the channel have an obligation or important role in maintaining the efficacy of marketing communications. Organizations that capitalize on customers’ active participation in organizational activities can gain competitive advantage through greater sales volume, enhanced operating efficiencies, positive word-of-mouth publicity, reduced marketing expenses, and enhanced customer loyalty (Lovelock & Young, 1979). Channel communications works in a two-way system wherein information transfers to the user and bounces all the way back to the producer (Goldberg & McCalley, 1992). In other words, marketing communications works like a feedback system, which allows company producers to relay information to the customers. In response to the provided information, consumers give certain reactions or behaviors. In this light, the electronic transformation of the services offered by Chocolate Lovers, Cakes and Pastries will result to better and more efficient and effective customer service system to the clientele. Moreover, the functionality of the online portal for the marketing and advertising needs of the agency will most possibly result to increase customer reach, satisfaction level and return of investment. Furthermore, if consumers somehow become better customers — that is, more knowledgeable, participative, or productive — the quality of the service experience will likely be enhanced for the customer and the organization (Bowers, Martin & Luker, 1990). Finally, some of the ways that companies acquired cost advantages are by improving process efficiencies, gaining unique access to a large source of lower cost materials, making optimal outsourcing and vertical integration decisions, or avoiding some costs altogether. If competing firms are unable to lower their costs by a similar amount, the firm will be able to sustain a competitive advantage based on cost leadership.

How Should You Spend the Night Before the ACT

How Should You Spend the Night Before the ACT SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Planning the night before the test is the last thing you really have to worry about before taking the ACT. But how do you know what to do so that you get the best score possible the next day? This comprehensive guide will lay out everything you should (and shouldn’t) do before you head to bed the night before the ACT. Follow these tips - covering everything from logistical concerns to last-minute exam prep - to wake up confident, refreshed, and ready. Let’s get started! Take Care of the Small (But Important) Details If you square away all of these small logistical concerns the night before the ACT, you’ll cut down on stress and worry the next morning. Logistical Details to Take Care of the Night Before the ACT Print your admission ticket.This ticket has important details printed on it - you also won't be able to take the test without it. Know what time the test is and when you need to be there - standard check-in time is 8 am. If you’re late, you won’t be allowed to take the exam.Plan on getting there 15-20 minutes early so that you won’t be rushed (or late) if anything happens in the morning, like unexpected traffic. Know where the test is, how to get there, and how long it’ll take you to get there.You can double-check the location on your admission ticket or at your ACT Account. Try usingGoogle Mapsto plan out the fastest route. Enter your arrive-by time for the next morning in addition to the testing center address and your starting point - Google Maps will tell you when to leave! Have a wake-up plan, especially if you're prone to oversleeping.Set multiple alarms, giving yourself an extra cushion of time (10-15 minutes) to get ready.Plan on having a family member wake you up as a backup plan. Set out all your outfit for the next morning. Choose something you’d be comfortable sitting around in for several hours. Layers are a good idea, in case the testing room is warmer or colder than ideal. Organize everything you need to bring for the test. There are only a few items you have to bring, but there are several other items that would be smart to have for the test: Mandatory: Your admission ticket Mandatory: Photo ID Mandatory: Several sharpened #2 pencils Good quality erasers An approved calculator + extra batteries A watch (without an audible alarm) A bottle of water and snacks to eat during breaks. Officially, you won’t be able to eat or drink in the testing room, but you should have access to food + water during breaks. Plan on leaving forbidden items at home.If you bring any forbidden items, you could jeopardize your scores. Here’s a list of items you should leave at home: Any electronic device aside from your calculator and watch (no smart watches, obviously) Anything with an alarm Any writing utensils or tools aside from your #2 pencils Any pamphlets or papers Dictionaries or other books You can find more info on prohibited behavior here- basically, just listen to directions and be polite and you'll be fine A note about cell phones: If you don’t have to bring it, then don’t. If you do choose to bring your phone, make sure it’s turned off and out of reach during the test and during breaks. If it goes off at any point - even if it’s an innocent alarm - all of your scores will be canceled. Have a Plan for Self-Care I think that the best thing you can do before the ACT is to make sure you’re relaxed, well-rested, and well-fed. Even if you prepare really well for the exam, you won’t do very well if you’re stressed, tired, or hungry. Here, I’ll go over the things you should and shouldn’t do the night before to make sure you’re in the best possible shape the next morning. Things You Should Do Eat a satisfying and healthy dinner -ideally something with produce, fruits/vegetables, and whole grains. Your brain needs fuel! On that note,plan your breakfast for the next morning.Something quick, easy, and filling should do the trick, like whole-grain cereal or a bowl of oatmeal. Get to bed earlier than usual - maybe 30-60 minutes prior to your normal bedtime. This gives you a bit more time to fall asleep if you're having trouble. Take a shower to save time the next morning.This may also help you relax and get to sleep. If your normal routine is to shower in the morning, though, then skip this step. Still having trouble falling asleep?Here are some things you can try: Gentle stretches (no cardio!) Listening to relaxing music A warm bath Caffeine-free tea (chamomile is always a good choice) You can't go wrong with a cup of tea if you need to wind down and relax. Things To Avoid Disrupting your regular routine. Our normal bedtime rituals help prepare us to fall asleep - try not to deviate too much from what you’d normally do. Playing video games, texting, or surfing the internet.Staring at screens for fewhours before you head to bed can keep you up longer than you’d like. Taking any sleep aids. Unless sleep medications are part of your normal bedtime routine, avoid them. They can make it really difficult to wake up the next morning, and you don’t know if you’ll have other adverse reactions. Prepare for the ACT You might be feeling pressure to cram as much info as you can into your brain the night before the test. You want to make sure you remember as much stuff as possible, right? Well, stressful cramming might do more harm than good. The ACT isn’t a test where memorizing factoids will help you perform better - the best preparation strategy is a long-term one. Ultimately, there are a couple of ways you could â€Å"prep† for the ACT the night before the test without stressing yourself out. Here are your options: Strategy #1: Don't Prepare at All If you feel well-prepared for the ACT - or even if you don’t - there's not much you can do toprocessimportant, helpful information the night before the test. Good ACT prep happens through long-term practice, not short-term cramming. Last-minute prep for any test tends to stress me out, so I avoid it. If you feel the same way, this is probably the strategy for you. Strategy #2:Briefly Review Key Concepts or Problems Some students might get nervous if they’re missing out on time to review tricky concepts or practice problems. It would be silly to actively avoid ACT preparation if this would stress you out more than flipping through your study materials. The best way to approach Strategy #2 is to work through a few practice problems on paper (remember, stay away from screens). You don’t want to pick particularly difficult problems - we’re trying to avoid stress - but reviewing problems that’ll help you start thinking through weaker skill areas may help ease some of your anxiety. Putting Your Best Foot Forward: The Morning of the ACT No matter what you ended up doing the night before, there are a few things you can do the morning of the ACT to make sure you do as well as possible. Here are the most important steps you can take to ensure success: Eat breakfast.Hopefully, you’ve planned one the night before, but if not, make sure to grab something on the way out the door. Avoid caffeine, unless you usually have caffeine in the mornings. It’ll make you more jittery and anxious than awake and alert. Caffeine also acts as a diuretic, which means more bathroom breaks for you during the ACT - this could lead to less time available to work on the test. Take the test one step at a time. Once a section is over, it’s over - your only responsibility is to the section you’re currently working on. Try not to let concerns about earlier sections of the ACT affect your performance. Treat yourself! Taking the ACT is stressful and exhausting. Plan on doing something nice for yourself - like getting lunch with a friend, going for a nice run, or even watching episodes of your favorite TV show - after you’re finished with the test. No matter how you feel about how the test went, remember that you followed through on a really important commitment - that’s a big deal! If this is the first time you take the ACT, and you plan on taking the test a second time, this first test will serve as a really important learning experience. Good luck, and (who knows), maybe even have fun! Think of the ACT as a marathon, not a sprint. What's Next? You know now what to do the night before the ACT, but what aboutbefore that? Don't worry - we've got you covered. You'll want to start off by checking out our last-minute tips and strategies for taking the ACT. If you have more than a night to prepare for the test but you're still on a tight schedule, you'll definitely want to take advantage of our 10-day ACT study guide. If you're just looking for some easy reading to ease your nerves before the test, check out our guide to the ACT rules and regulations you have to know before the test. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Alessandro Volta - Inventor of the Voltaic Pile

Alessandro Volta - Inventor of the Voltaic Pile In 1800, Alessandro Volta of Italy built the voltaic pile and discovered the first practical method of generating electricity. Count Volta also made discoveries in electrostatics, meteorology and pneumatics. His most famous invention, however, is the first battery. Alessandro Volta - Background Alessandro Volta was born in Como, Italy in 1745. In 1774, he was appointed as professor of physics at the Royal School in Como. While at the Royal School, Alessandro Volta designed his first invention the electrophorus in 1774, a device that produced static electricity. For years at Como, he studied and experimented with atmospheric electricity by igniting static sparks. In 1779, Alessandro Volta was appointed professor of physics at the University of Pavia and it was while there that he invented his most famous invention, the voltaic pile. Alessandro Volta - Voltaic Pile Constructed of alternating discs of zinc and copper, with pieces of cardboard soaked in brine between the metals, the voltaic pile produced electrical current. The metallic conducting arc was used to carry the electricity over a greater distance. Alessandro Voltas voltaic pile was the first battery that produced a reliable, steady current of electricity. Alessandro Volta - Luigi Galvani One contemporary of Alessandro Volta was Luigi Galvani, in fact, it was Voltas disagreement with Galvanis theory of galvanic responses (animal tissue contained a form of electricity) that led Volta to build the voltaic pile to prove that electricity did not come from the animal tissue but was generated by the contact of different metals, brass and iron, in a moist environment. Ironically, both scientists were right. Named In Honor of Alessandro Volta Volt - The unit of electromotive force, or difference of potential, which will cause a current of one ampere to flow through a resistance of one ohm. Named for Italian physicist Alessandro Volta.Photovoltaic - Photovoltaic are systems that convert light energy into electricity. The term photo is a stem from the Greek phos, which means light. Volt is named for Alessandro Volta, a pioneer in the study of electricity.

Transformations of Thailand Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Transformations of Thailand - Research Paper Example However, this has undergone change. The civil society gas grown and this has developed a participatory political structure in Thailand. This environment has triggered greater abiding of the rule of law and has implemented a system which is more balanced and effective (Thailand Country Report, p.14). The urban elite society has evolved which remains well connected with the senior bureaucrats, international donors and politicians. The loosely cohering and fragmented party system in Thailand has been restructured. The Democratic Party has become highly institutionalized. The number of parties has increased from 1.65 in 2005 to 6 in 2007 and party fragmentation has also increased. The party system was characterized by multi-member system of district election. The civil society has been evolving and is getting more connected to the business associations, bureaucrats and political parties. The workers’ union has been given greater say and responsibility. The NGOs have grown in impor tance. They have also formed alliance with the top bureaucrats and political leaders. The conditions of female workers and children have improved over the years. In the rural areas, the responsibility of self-organisations has increased. The village community has become more cohesive and their actions have become more collective in nature (Thailand Country Report, p.13). ... The Government has implemented policies to allow more cultural space for the Thai-Malays. These efforts were primarily made in favor of preserving the cultural identity of both nations and reducing the impact of the armed insurgency. Thailand has witnessed an increase in the number of programs for creating equal right and opportunities among people (The Asia Foundation, â€Å"Resolving Conflict in the South†). The makers of policy have increased their focus on the development of system capabilities to bring about changes in the educational system in Thailand. This has primary aroused out of the response of the global response to the increasing gap between traditional educational capabilities and the demands of the information system (Hallinger & Kantamara, â€Å"Introduction†). The Thai schools have introduced lessons on cross cultural studies. The country has become more competent in its ability to adapt to changes. Efforts are being made to build the nation’s a bilities to adapt such capabilities. Political Thailand has been undergoing dramatic political transformation. The changes have been incorporated to strengthen the democratic institutions and also as a conflict resolving measure that has been occurring in the Muslim dominated provinces in the southern provinces. The provinces of Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat happen to be predominantly occupied by Muslims. The states lying between Buddhist Thailand and Muslim Malaysia are diverse in terms of culture, linguistics identity from the two countries. The development of government policies in Thailand is ethno-centric which has alienated the Muslim community and aroused armed militancy. Transformation programs have evolved for creating and maintaining equal rights and opportunities in favor of the Muslims (The Asia

Principles of Project Management Prince 2 Essay

Principles of Project Management Prince 2 - Essay Example LU Case Study Analysis The method is beneficial in project management for several reasons. For instance, the methodology is product-focused and hence all the activities are organized in a way to increase product quality. Moreover, method requires segmentation of the project in to distinct stages that are easily manageable (Hinde, 2012). The method will help the LU team to maintain focus and deliver an excellent outcome of the project at hand. PRINCE2 methodology also enhances communication among the project team members as well as other stakeholders thereby promoting effective control of the project. This is important in ensuring that all the actions undertaken in project implementation are understood by all project team members to avoid misperception and promote ownership of the project goals, which is necessary to ensure that everyone strives to achieve a common purpose. More stakeholders are allowed to contribute to the project decision making since they are at all times offered a ccess to information consistently through reports (David, 2009). With the application of PRINCE2, it is possible to make improvements in the project implementation process because of the continuous monitoring and control. Weaknesses can be detected once they emerge and solutions identified early enough to deter them from causing failure in the implementation of the project plan. The method is flexible to a great extent such that the necessary changes can be made as the project progresses (Archibald et al. 2013). Where the changes during run-time are likely to affect the project timetable, PRINCE2 ensures that the effect is curtailed. The method allows the project team members to acquire time management skills as well as cost effective ways of utilizing project resources due to the high level of organization and control, thereby ensuring that the overall project cost is lowered (Rothaermel, 2012). However, PRINCE2 methodology is not without limitations. It has a relatively high level of inflexibility due to the adherence to a step by step process. Moreover, it is likely that only the project managers may have the full knowledge of PRINCE2, meaning other project players are likely to find it complicated thereby getting discouraged or they might fail to get the best out of its application. Its application in the project will therefore necessitate training of all staff who will be involved in the project to promote competence (Seegers & Hedeman, 2009). Ten days training will be enough to sensitize the project team members and take them through practical examples of applying PRINCE2, as well to demonstrate that the method is applicable to this particular project. It should be conducted by knowledgeable professionals who have applied PRINCE2 methodology successfully in other projects. This will save time and resources during the project implementation. To support strategic and tactical decision-making on the project, it is necessary to include information that will enable successful directing of the project, which takes in to account the actions that allow the project board to make sure the project implementation plan is followed from beginning to project closure. These actions are in all the stages of project implementation. It is necessary to include in the business case the required resources for the project, the people who will